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Back matter

Sources and Bibliography

The archives, books and collections the records in this book come from. Every picture carries its own credit; each chapter ends with its own list of sources (777 in all).

  1. Romanian National Archives, Maramureș County Branch — Civil registers of births, marriages and deaths for Felsőbánya (Baia Sprie), Kapnikbánya (Cavnic), Máramarossziget (Sighet) and Szurdok (Strâmtura), viewed through the archives’ online portal.
  2. U.S. National Archives — New York passenger lists; border crossings from Canada; naturalization records of the U.S. District Courts in Manhattan and Brooklyn and of the U.S. Circuit Court; the 1920, 1930, 1940 and 1950 censuses; World War II draft registration cards.
  3. NYC Municipal Archives — Historical vital records of the City of New York: marriage certificates (1929, 1934, 1937) and death certificates (1948).
  4. Hungaricana — Hungarian Cultural Heritage Portal — Felsőbányai Hírlap, Nagybánya és Vidéke, Nagybánya, Nagybányai Hírlap, Szamos, Szatmármegyei Közlöny, Szatmárvármegye Hivatalos Lapja and Kővárvidék, 1899–1928; Magyarország iparosainak és kereskedőinek cím- és lakjegyzéke (1892).
  5. Brooklyn Daily Eagle — Marriage licence notices, 1938 (Fulton History).
  6. Holocaust memorial records, Jerusalem — Photo Archive: portraits of the family of R’ Asher Brecher of Sighet.
  7. Sefer Marmarosh (Tel Aviv, 1983) — Memorial book of Máramaros; page images from HebrewBooks and the Yiddish Book Center collection on the Internet Archive.
  8. JewishGen Online Worldwide Burial Registry (JOWBR) — Stone photographs and transcriptions, Rădăuți and Sighet Jewish cemeteries.
  9. Jewish Galicia and Bukovina — Survey of the Siret Jewish cemetery, with stone photographs.
  10. Find a Grave — Memorial 245798842, Samuel Eilender, Beth David Cemetery; memorial 245098163, Chaim Shaul Schondorf, Wellwood Cemetery.
  11. Cemeteries — Beth Moses and Wellwood Cemeteries, West Babylon, New York (burial records); Beth David Cemetery, Elmont, New York; Lakeside Memorial Park, Florida; Har HaMenuchot, Jerusalem.
  12. FamilySearch — Host of the U.S. record images reproduced here.
  13. Austrian National Library, ANNO — Bukowinaer Post, Bukowinaer Rundschau, Czernowitzer Zeitung, Czernowitzer Tagblatt and Czernowitzer Allgemeine Zeitung, 1869–1913.
  14. National Library of Israel, Historical Jewish Press — Der Tog (New York), March 1955; Der Morgen Zhurnal (New York), July 1937.
  15. Fulton History (Old Fulton NY Post Cards) — Orangetown Telegram (Pearl River, N.Y.) and The Journal-News (Nyack, N.Y.), 1951–1963; Brooklyn Daily Eagle, 1938.
  16. NYC Municipal Archives, tax photographs — Photographs of New York City buildings taken for the tax rolls, about 1940.
  17. New York City Clerk — Index to Marriage Licenses, Bronx, 1938 (digitized by Reclaim the Records, Internet Archive).
  18. New York State Archives — Records of the New York Guard, 1945.
  19. Zentral- und Landesbibliothek Berlin — Berliner Adreßbuch, 1909–1919.
  20. Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine, Lviv — Cadastral map of Chyrów, 1853 (Gesher Galicia Maps Project).
  21. Archiwum Główne Akt Dawnych, Warsaw — Jewish civil registers of Drohobycz, 1898 (indexed by JRI-Poland).
  22. Rădăuți Jewish civil registers — Name index of births, marriages and deaths compiled from the Rădăuți civil registers.
  23. H. Gold (ed.), Geschichte der Juden in der Bukowina — Vol. II (Tel Aviv, 1962), chapter on Siret.
  24. Emlékkönyv Nagybánya, Nagysomkút, Felsőbánya… — (Tel Aviv, 1996), Yiddish Book Center collection, Internet Archive.
  25. Social Security Administration — Numerical identification files and death master file; Veterans Affairs death file.
  26. Family trees — Gottesdiener family tree (MyHeritage, copied to Geni.com): portraits of Elias Wahrsager and Gavriel Gottesdiener.
  27. Picture archives — Fortepan (Budapest); Austrian National Library, Bildarchiv; Bibliothèque nationale de France (Gallica); Library of Congress; U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command; National Museum in Lviv; Wikimedia Commons.
  28. HebrewBooks — The printed spiritual will of R’ Asher HaKohen Brecher; Chedvat Yaakov by R’ Yaakov Zeev ben Aryeh of Sereth (Marghita, 1938); the books of Rabbi Yaakov Zeev Wolf Brecher of Banila: Refuot HaTugah (Lemberg, 1902), Shiloh (Lemberg, 1903; Czernowitz, 1924), Sefer HaAdam, Katuv Yosher (Czernowitz, 1925), Parperaot LaMikraot (Marghita, c. 1930) and Kiyor Me’even Dar.
  29. Family collection — Photographs of gravestones and family papers.
  30. JewishGen Hungary and Romania databases — Indexes of the Jewish registers of Felsővisó and Nagybánya and of the civil registers of Huszt, Zugó, Munkács, Királymező and Baia Sprie.
  31. All Galicia Database (Gesher Galicia) — Chyrów property owners, 1853, and the Chyrów land register, 1803–1855.
  32. State Archive of Zakarpattia Oblast, Berehove — Civil registers of Huszt, Volovec and Munkács, through their published indexes.
  33. Dirshu, Be’er BaSadeh — Weekly, Chayei Sarah 5782 (2021), pp. 7–8: the date of Chedvat Yaakov (Marghita, 5698 [1938]) and its author’s teacher, Rabbi Pinchas Moshe Burstein of Sereth.
  34. Vienna Jewish community cemetery register — Burials of Todres Gottesdiener (1941) and Feige née Kleinmann (1931), Zentralfriedhof Gate IV
  35. Kraków Jewish birth registers, 1900 and 1902 — Births of Emanuel and Meilech (Emil), sons of Todres Gottesdiener
  36. HaBoker, HaShachar and HaOlam, June 1941 — Reports of the death of Dr Avraham Ovadia, naming his father HaRav Gavriel HaKohen Gottesdiener of Chyrów
  37. Tygodnik Żydowski (Tarnów), 16 Dec 1932 — Profile of Dr Gottesdiener, born in Chyrów, son of the local rabbi
  38. Dobromil Jewish marriage register 1915–1940 — Marriage of Izak Sauer and Jochwed Unger, 1920
  39. Gura Humorului civil registers — Births, marriages and deaths of the Brecher and Knobler families, 1888–1900, indexed in the JewishGen Romania Database
  40. Gura Humorului memorial book — List of the town’s dead, with Reuven Mordechai Brecher and Hava-Jetty née Knobler
  41. Dos Yidishe Vort (Czernowitz), 1936 — Press Ring notices naming R’ Yaakov Brecher of Banila
  42. Image courtesy of Tzolman’s, auction 63, lot 18 (16 Jul 2023); shown for family-history reference — Pshuto shel Mikra by Yaakov Zeev Wolf Brecher, with the author’s stamp
  43. Montefiore Censuses (Montefiore Endowment) — 1875 census of Safed, Kolel Austria, household 6877, line 8: R’ Avraham Brecher, born Sereth
  44. Dos Yudishe Vort, Czernowitz — 8 Oct 1937, p. 4: advertisement for Chedvat Yaakov (National Library of Israel, Historical Jewish Press)
  45. Beth Moses Cemetery burial register — Wellwood & Beth Moses interment search: David (Grave 18), Eugene (17), Alex (16), Section 2, Block 18, Row 6
  46. Library of Congress, Veterans History Project — Nicholas Brecher Collection, AFC/2001/001/77021: 2010 interview and wartime photo album
  47. New York Department of State — Corporation record of Brecher Brothers, Inc., 1942–1992
  48. Felsőbányai Hírlap; Nagybánya és Vidéke — Hungarian local newspapers, 1899–1928
  49. New York City 1940 tax photographs — NYC Municipal Archives
  50. 1950 U.S. census — National Archives
  51. Arolsen Archives — IRO refugee and emigration records for Hugo Chaim Brecher, 1948–49
  52. NYC Municipal Archives, historical vital records — Marriage certificate of Harry Brecher and Mollie Rudich (1915); death certificates of Max Brecher (1920) and Feige Rudich (1944)
  53. New York County and federal naturalization records — Abraham Brecher’s petition (1911); Harry Brecher’s declaration (1910) and petition (1915); Selig Rudich’s petition (1920); Jacob (Leon) Brecher’s petition, Baltimore (1927)
  54. Ellis Island passenger lists — SS Patricia 1907; SS Amerika 1910; SS Rotterdam 1921; SS America 1921
  55. Find a Grave and cemetery registers — Montefiore, Mount Judah and Mount Hebron (Queens), Shaarei Tfiloh (Baltimore), Wellwood (Long Island)
  56. New York City Marriage License Index (Reclaim The Records) — Marriage licences of Stewart Wahrsager and Sandra Winkler (Manhattan), and of Frances M. Wahrsager and Mark Friedlander (the Bronx).

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